To maintain product quality, the sodium chloride content in dairy products must be monitored and not exceed the limits defined by the respective public health authorities. The chloride content in food correlates with the salt content, its determination is therefore described in various norms and standards. However, preparation of such samples is time consuming, as it includes a chloride extraction with warm water. Whole milk powders in particular are difficult to handle as an inhomogeneous dispersion of fat in the titration suspension occurs.
In order to reduce the workload, increase sample throughput, and eliminate the matrix challenges posed by high fat products, this Application Note presents a fully automatic potentiometric titration of chloride with silver nitrate in milk and milk powder based on ISO 21422, IDF 242, AOAC 2015.07, AOAC 2015.08, and AOAC 2016.03.
The method is demonstrated for different milk and milk powders: toddler and whole milk powder, milk, salted dairy beverage (e.g., ayran, doogh), and protein shake. All samples are well-mixed before use.
This analysis is performed on an automated system consisting of an OMNIS Advanced Titrator and an OMNIS Sample Robot S equipped with a dProfitrode and a dAg-Titrode.
Warm water is added to a reasonable amount of sample. For samples with high fat content, some isopropanol is additionally added. The pH is adjusted with nitric acid to below pH 1.5. The sample is titrated with standardized silver nitrate until after the equivalence point. For automated rinsing of electrodes and burets, isopropanol is used.
The analysis demonstrates acceptable results and well-defined titration curves. The results are displayed in Table 1.
| Chloride content in mg/100 g sample | SD(rel) in % | |
|---|---|---|
| Whole milk powder | 832.9 | 0.2 |
| Toddler formula powder milk based | 293.7 | 0.3 |
| Salted dairy beverage | 411.8 | 0.2 |
| Protein shake | 88.4 | 2.7 |
| Organic milk | 99.3 | 0.5 |
Titration is a precise and reliable method to determine the chloride content in dairy products according to various international standards.
Utilization of an OMNIS Sample Robot allows a fully automated determination of up to four samples in parallel, freeing up valuable time of the operator and thus increasing the productivity in the lab. The OMNIS system offers the opportunity to customize the system according to your needs, and expand it for other required titration applications on dairy products, such as the Ca / Mg content or acidity.
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Internal reference: AW TI CH1-1264-112018