Coulometrisk Karl Fischer-titrering er den ideelle metoden for å bestemme lavt fuktighets- og vanninnhold i prøver (0,001 til 1 % vann). Vårt utvalg av coulometre dekker alle krav og kan kombineres med KF-ovnsmetoden for vanskelige prøver.
- Nøyaktig og pålitelig bestemmelse av vanninnhold på spornivå i området 0,001 til 1 %
- Ulike coulometer versjoner tilgjengelig, for eksempel frittstående eller softwarestyrt
- Vanskelige prøver kan enkelt analyseres med ovnsmetoden
- Samsvar med FDA Regulation 21 CFR Part 11 og EudraLex, Volume 4, Annex 11
En rekke coulometre
Metrohm tilbyr ulike coulometre for å imøtekomme dine krav. Kontakt oss for å lære mer om våre coulometre.
| Coulometer | Egenskapet |
|---|---|
| Titrando coulometer |
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| Ti-Touch coulometer |
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| Eco Coulometer |
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| OMNIS coulometer |
Brosjyre: OMNIS Coulometer and OMNIS Sample Robot Oven (8.000.5475, PDF, 2,8 MB) |
Prøvepreparering og automatisering for coulometrisk KF-titrering
For vanskelige prøver, for eksempel faste prøver eller prøver som ikke lett løses opp, kan du bruke KF-ovnsmetoden. I denne metoden varmes prøven i en ovn til vannet slippes ut, og vanndampen overføres til titreringsbeholderen for måling.
Vi tilbyr både manuelle ovner og automatiserte prøvevekslere med integrerte ovner for økt prøvegjennomstrømning.
Hvorfor bruke coulometrisk KF-titrering for vanninnholdsbestemmelse?
En rekke standarder anbefaler coulometrisk Karl Fischer-titrering for bestemmelse av vanninnhold:
| Standard | Name |
|---|---|
| ASTM D890 | Standard Test Method for Water in Liquid Pine Chemicals |
| ASTM D1123 | Standard Test Method for Water in Engine Coolant Concentrate by the KF Reagent Method |
| ASTM D1533 | Standard Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by Coulometric KF Titration |
| ASTM D3401 | Standard Test Methods for Water in Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Mixtures |
| ASTM D4928 | Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration |
| ASTM D5460 | Standard Test Method for Rubber Compounding Materials - Water in Rubber Additives |
| ASTM D6304 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KF Titration |
| ASTM D7923 | Standard Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer Titration |
| ASTM E1064 | Standard Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titratio |
| DIN EN ISO 12937 | Petroleum products - Determination of water - Coulometric KF titration method |
| ISO 10337 | Crude Petroleum - Determination of water - Coulometric KF titration method |
| UOP 481-10 | Water in Liquid Hydrocarbons, and Heavy Hydrocarbons by Vaporizer, using Coulometric Titration |
| USP | <921> Method 1c |
| EP | 2.5.32 Water: Micro Determination |
Coulometric Karl Fischer titrator – FAQs
What is coulometric Karl Fischer titration?
Coulometric titration is used to determine trace-levels of water in samples within a range of 10 µg to 200 mg water. However, larger amount of water (> 10 mg) require a lot of time and/or may exceed the water capacity of the KF reagent, which could lead to incorrect results.
The coulometric method uses electric current to generate the iodine that is needed for the Karl Fischer reaction. Metrohm KF Coulometers apply variable current strengths and pulse lengths, which allows precise "iodine addition" even in the region of the endpoint.
Learn more about coulometric KF titration in the application bulletin:
Coulometric water content determination according to Karl Fischer (AB-137, PDF, 228 KB)
Why is coulometric Karl Fischer titration used for water content determination?
Coulometric KF titration is a sensitive method suitable to determine low water contents between 0.001 and 1%. The coulometric method is an absolute method, meaning that there is no need for titer determination. In addition, a series of standards recommend coulometric Karl Fischer titration for water content determination:
| Standard | Name |
|---|---|
| ASTM D890 | Standard Test Method for Water in Liquid Pine Chemicals |
| ASTM D1123 | Standard Test Method for Water in Engine Coolant Concentrate by the KF Reagent Method |
| ASTM D1533 | Standard Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by Coulometric KF Titration |
| ASTM D3401 | Standard Test Methods for Water in Halogenated Organic Solvents and Their Mixtures |
| ASTM D4928 | Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration |
| ASTM D5460 | Standard Test Method for Rubber Compounding Materials - Water in Rubber Additives |
| ASTM D6304 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KF Titration |
| ASTM D7923 | Standard Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer Titration |
| ASTM E1064 | Standard Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titratio |
| DIN EN ISO 12937 | Petroleum products - Determination of water - Coulometric KF titration method |
| ISO 10337 | Crude Petroleum - Determination of water - Coulometric KF titration method |
| UOP 481-10 | Water in Liquid Hydrocarbons, and Heavy Hydrocarbons by Vaporizer, using Coulometric Titration |
| USP | <921> Method 1c |
| EP | 2.5.32 Water: Micro Determination |
What is the difference between coulometric and volumetric titration?
The main difference between coulometric and volumetric Karl Fischer titration concerns titrant addition. In volumetric Karl Fischer titration, the titrant is added directly to the sample with a buret. Coulometric Karl Fischer titration features a generator electrode, which electrochemically generates the required iodine for the titration directly in the titration cell.
Metrohm offers titrator solutions that perform volumetric or coulometric titration on separate titrators as well as both volumetric and coulometric titration in a single instrument. Contact us to learn more.
What are the requirements for coulometric titration?
Requirements for coulometric titrations are the following:
- The process must take place with 100% current efficiency.
- No side reactions must occur.
- Oxidation or reduction must lead to a defined oxidation state.
Metrohm KF Coulometers meet these requirements with commercially available reagents.